Binkilic -- oxide and carbonate ore
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Location - Turkey, Black Sea region
Age (of protore) - 28 Ma
Original size - 0.3 million tonnes of Mn
References
Gültekin AH, Balcı N (2018) Geochemical Characteristics of Sedimentary Manganese Deposit of Binkılıç, Trache Basin, Turkey. J Geol Geophys 7: 336. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000336
Öztürk, H., and Frakes, L.A., 1995,
Sedimentation and diagenesis of an Oligocene manganese deposit in a shallow
subbasin of the Parathethys: Thrace Basin, Turkey: Ore Geology Reviews, v.
10, p. 117-132.
Gultekin, Ali Haydar, 1998, Geochemistry and origin of the Oligocene Binkilic manganese deposit; Thrace Basin, Turkey: Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, V. 7, p. 11-24
Download geochemistry spreadheet
There is a negative Ce anomaly for both carbonate and oxide ores of 0.7 to 0.8. Fresh waters are somewhat variable for Ce/Ce*. A compilation by Li (2000) gives an average of 1.00cn; the Ottawa River reference standard is 0.58cn (Yeghicheyan at al. 2013), whereas seawater is constant at about 0.15cn (Li, 2000). | |
There is a strong + Eu anomaly in both carbonate and oxide ores, suggesting a major volcanic component in the Mn source |
All samples, regardless of Mn content, have light C. This implies direct precipitation of MnCO3 from the water column
All of the samples have relatively light O. The simplest explanation is that there was a major fresh-water component to the basin of deposition
Additional references
Yeghicheyan, D., Bossy, C., Le Coz, M. B., Douchet, C., Granier, G., Heimburger, A., ... & Tharaud, M. (2013). A compilation of silicon, rare earth element and twenty‐one other trace element concentrations in the natural river water reference material SLRS‐5 (NRC‐CNRC). Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 37(4), 449-467.
Li, Y. H. (2000). A compendium of geochemistry: from solar nebula to the human brain. Princeton University Press.